理解戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境：內部分析(ppt)
Understanding the Strategic Management Internal Audit:
理解戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境：
內部分析

Comprehensive Strategic Management Model 綜合戰(zhàn)略管理模型
Internal Assessment 內部分析
Internal Strategic Management Audit
內部戰(zhàn)略管理分析
Functional areas of the business公司的職能部門
Focuses on developing objectives and strategies to capitalize on internal strengths and overcome weaknesses
關注目標的確立和戰(zhàn)略的制定，以利用內部優(yōu)勢，克服劣勢
Internal Assessment內部分析
Distinctive Competencies
專有能力

strengths that cannot be easily matched or imitated by competitors
不容易為競爭對手比較或模仿的優(yōu)勢
building competitive advantage involves taking advantage of distinctive competencies
建立競爭優(yōu)勢涉及對專有能力的利用
strategies to improve on a firm’s weaknesses and turn to strengths
克服公司的劣勢，將其轉換為優(yōu)勢的戰(zhàn)略
Internal Assessment 內部分析
Internal Audit內部分析
Gather & integrate information from:
從下列收集和綜合信息：
Management管理部門
Marketing營銷部門
Finance/accounting財務/財會
Production/operations 生產/運作部門
Research & development研發(fā)部門
Management information systems etc…管理信息系統(tǒng)等
Internal Assessment內部分析
Internal Audit內部分析
Involvement an internal strategic-management audit assists understanding nature and effect of decisions in all functional business areas
包含有一個內部戰(zhàn)略管理的分析有助于理解所有職能領域的決策的性質和影響

Internal Assessment內部分析
Integrating Strategy and Culture
總體戰(zhàn)略和文化（P141）
Organizational Culture –企業(yè)文化
Pattern of behavior developed by an organization as it learns to cope with problem of external adaptation and internal integration…
is valid and taught to members
企業(yè)在學會對外適應環(huán)境，對內實現(xiàn)一體化的過程中形成的行為方式…
行之有效并傳授給成員

Internal Assessment內部分析
Organizational Culture組織文化（P142）

Resistant to change 抵抗變革
May represent a strength or weakness
可能代表一種優(yōu)勢或劣勢
Cultural products include:文化產品包括：
Values, beliefs, rites, rituals,
ceremonies, myths, stories, legends, sagas, language, symbols, leaders
價值、信仰、習俗、儀式、典禮、神 話、傳說、傳奇、語言、符號、領導
Internal Assessment內部分析
Organizational Culture企業(yè)文化
Can reduce impacts of strategic management:
能降低戰(zhàn)略管理的影響：
Miss changes in environment because blinkered by strongly held beliefs
由于強烈的狹隘的信仰而失去對環(huán)境變化的反應
When a culture effective, natural tendency to continue with it, even in times of major strategic change
一種文化一旦實施，自然趨勢會使之繼續(xù)，即使是在重要的戰(zhàn)略變革的時候也是如此
Exercise 1 練習1
What is the organisational culture at your workplace?
你工作場所的企業(yè)文化是什么？
How as it relevant to strategic management?
它與戰(zhàn)略管理的關系怎樣？
Share 1 example from each group with the class
每一小組與全班分享一個例子
Internal Assessment內部分析
Traditional management functions傳統(tǒng)的管理功能（P147）
Planning 規(guī)劃
Organizing 組織
Motivating 激勵
Staffing 人員配備
Controlling 控制
New leadership functions 新的領導功能
Coordinating 協(xié)調
Strategic leadership 戰(zhàn)略領導
Steward, resource, coach, mentor 服務員、資源、教練、導師
Any others? 還有其它嗎？

Exercise 2 練習2
Which management functions are well done at your workplace? Why?在你的工作場所哪些管理功能做得好？為什么？
How does this effect strategic development and management?它們是如何影響戰(zhàn)略的發(fā)展和管理的？
Which are done least well & why?
哪些做得最不好，為什么？
Again share your best example with the class
與同學分享你最好的案例
Internal Assessment 內部分析
Management Audit Checklist管理分析清單
Are company objectives and goals measurable and well communicated? 公司的總目標與子目標是否可以衡量的并且是充分溝通的？
Do managers at all hierarchical levels plan effectively?
所有層次上的經理們是否都做到計劃有效？
Do managers delegate authority well?
經理們的授權是否做得很好？
Is the organization’s structure appropriate?
組織結構合適么？
How do you rate/measure management effectiveness? Are job descriptions and job specifications clear? 你是怎樣衡量管理效率的？工作描述和規(guī)范是否清晰？
Is employee morale high? 雇員士氣是否高昂？
Internal Assessment- Business Functions 內部分析--企業(yè)職能
Marketing 營銷
Customer analysis 客戶分析
Selling products/services 銷售產品/服務
Product and service planning 產品和服務計劃
Pricing 定價
Distribution 分銷
Marketing research 市場調研
Opportunity analysis 機會分析
Internal Assessment- Business Functions 內部分析--企業(yè)職能
Marketing Audit Checklist營銷分析檢查清單
Are markets segmented effectively?市場是否有效細分？
Is the organization positioned well among competitors?
在競爭者之間組織定位是否明確？
Is the market share increasing? 市場份額是否在增加？
Are present channels of distribution reliable and cost effective?
目前分銷渠道是否可靠？有成本效率么？
Is there an effective sales force?
是否擁有有效銷售力量？
Again, how do you measure it?
另外，你怎樣衡量這些？
Internal Assessment- Business Functions 內部分析--企業(yè)職能
Marketing Audit Checklist營銷分析檢查清單
Is there market research?有市場調研么？
Are product quality and customer service good?
產品質量和客戶服務好不好？
Are products/services priced appropriately?
產品/服務定價是否合適？
Is there an effective promotion, advertising, and publicity strategy?
是否有有效的促銷、廣告和公關戰(zhàn)略？

Internal Assessment- Business Functions 內部分析--企業(yè)職能
Marketing Audit Checklist
營銷分析檢查清單
Are marketing planning and budgeting effective?
營銷計劃和預算是否有效？
Do marketing managers have adequate experience and training?營銷經理有足夠的經驗和培訓么？
Internal Assessment- Business Functions 內部分析--企業(yè)職能
Finance/Accounting
財務/會計
Investment decision (Capital budgeting) 投資決策（資本預算）
Financing decision 融資決策
Dividend decision 股利決策
Internal Assessment- Business Functions 內部分析--企業(yè)職能
Finance/Accounting Audit Checklist
財務/會計分析檢查清單
Can the business raise short-term capital?
企業(yè)是否能夠籌集短期資本？
Can the business raise long-term capital?
企業(yè)是否能夠籌集長期資本？
Does the business have sufficient working capital?
企業(yè)是否擁有足夠的營運資本？
Are budgeting procedures effective?
預算過程是否有效？
Are the accounting tools satisfactory?
會計工具是否滿意？
Internal Assessment- Business Functions 內部分析--企業(yè)職能
Finance/Accounting Audit Checklist
財務/會計分析檢查清單
Are dividend payout policies reasonable?
股利支付政策是否合理？
Does the business have good relations with its investors and shareholders?
公司是否與其投資人和股東關系良好？
Are financial managers experienced and well trained?
財務經理是否經驗豐富，且訓練有素？
How do you assess governance and stakeholder as well as shareholder accountability?
你是如何評估監(jiān)管、利益相關者和股東的責任心的？
Internal Assessment- Business Functions 內部分析--企業(yè)職能
Production/Operations
生產/運營

Process 流程
Capacity 能力
Inventory 庫存
Workforce 勞動力
Quality 質量
Internal Assessment- Business Functions 內部分析--企業(yè)職能
Production/Operations Audit Checklist
生產/運營分析檢查清單
Are suppliers of raw materials, parts, and subassemblies reliable and reasonable?
原材料、配件、部件的供應商是否合理可靠？
Are facilities, equipment, machinery, and offices in good condition?
設施、設備、機器和辦公室是否條件良好？
Are inventory-control policies and procedures effective?
庫存-控制政策和步驟是否有效？
Internal Assessment- Business Functions 內部分析--企業(yè)職能
Production/Operations Audit Checklist
生產/運營分析檢查清單
Are quality-control policies and procedures effective?
質量-控制政策和步驟是否有效
Are facilities, resources, and markets strategically located?
設施、資源和市場是否得到戰(zhàn)略性定位？
Does the business have technological competencies?
企業(yè)是否擁有技術能力？
Again, who measures, what & how?
另外，誰來評估，為什么？如何？
Internal Assessment- Business Functions 內部分析--企業(yè)職能
Research & Development
研究開發(fā)
Development of new products before competition
競爭前開發(fā)新產品
Improving product quality
提高產品質量
Improving manufacturing processes to reduce costs
提高制造流程以降低成本
Internal Assessment- Business Functions 內部分析--企業(yè)職能
Computer Information Systems
計算機信息系統(tǒng)
Information Systems 信息系統(tǒng)
CIO/CTO 首席信息官/首席技術官
Security 安全
User-friendly 用戶友好
E-commerce 電子商務
Internal Assessment- Business Functions 內部分析--企業(yè)職能
Computer Information Systems Audit Checklist
計算機信息系統(tǒng)分析檢查清單

Do all managers in the firm use information system to make decisions?
企業(yè)中的經理人員是否運用信息系統(tǒng)決策？
Is there a chief information officer or director of information systems position in the firm?
企業(yè)中是否有首席信息官的位置？
Are data in the information system updated regularly?
信息系統(tǒng)中的數(shù)據(jù)是否經常更新？

Internal Assessment- Business Functions 內部分析--企業(yè)職能
Computer Information Systems
Audit Checklist
計算機信息系統(tǒng)分析檢查清單
Do managers from all functional areas contribute input to the information system?
公司中各職能領域的經理是否都對信息系統(tǒng)進行信息輸入？
Are strategists familiar with the information systems of competitors?
戰(zhàn)略家是否熟悉競爭對手的信息系統(tǒng)？
Internal Assessment- Business Functions 內部分析--企業(yè)職能
Computer Information Systems
Audit Checklist
計算機信息系統(tǒng)分析檢查清單
Is the information system user-friendly?
信息系統(tǒng)是否用戶友好？
Do all users of the information system understand the competitive advantages that information can provide?
是否所有的信息系統(tǒng)使用者都能夠理解哪些競爭優(yōu)勢可以由信息提供？
Is the IT system being continuously improved?
IT系統(tǒng)是否不斷升級？
Exercise 3 練習3
Is the internal audit process in your workplace effective?
你的工作場所的內部分析過程是否有效？
How could it be augmented?
它是如何提高的？
Share your general conclusions & recommendations with the class
與全班共享你的結論和建議。

理解戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境：內部分析(ppt)