經(jīng)濟(jì)金融術(shù)語漢英對照表
經(jīng)濟(jì)金融術(shù)語漢英對照表 A 安全網(wǎng) safety net 按可比口徑 on comparable basis 按輕重緩急 to prioritize 暗補(bǔ) implicit subsidy 暗虧 hidden loss B 頒發(fā)營業(yè)執(zhí)照 to license;to grant a licence to 辦理存款業(yè)務(wù) to take deposits 保護(hù)農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)積極性 to protect farmers’incentive to produce 備付金（超額準(zhǔn)備金） excess reserves 本外幣并賬 consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts 本外幣對沖操作 sterilization operation 本位利益 localized interest;departmentalism 奔小康 to strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-do 避稅（請見“逃稅”） tax avoidance 幣種搭配不當(dāng) currency mismatch 幣種構(gòu)成 currency composition 變相社會集資 disguised irregular（or illegal） fund raising 表外科目（業(yè)務(wù)） off-balance-sheet items（operation） 薄弱環(huán)節(jié) weaknesses;loopholes 不變成本 fixed cost 不變價 at constant price;in real terms 不動產(chǎn) real estate 不良貸款（資產(chǎn)） problem loans；non-performing loans（assets） C 財務(wù)公司 finance companies 財政赤字 fiscal deficit 財政擠銀行 fiscal pressure on the central bank（over monetary policy） 財政政策與貨幣政策的配合 coordination of fiscal and monetary policies 采取循序漸進(jìn)的方法 in a phased and sequenced manner 操作彈性 operational flexibility 操縱匯率 to manipulate exchange rate 產(chǎn)品構(gòu)成 product composition;product mix 產(chǎn)品積壓 stock pile;excessive inventory 產(chǎn)銷率 current period inventory;（即期庫存，不含前期庫存）sales/output ratio 產(chǎn)銷銜接 marketability 產(chǎn)業(yè)政策 industrial policy 長期國債 treasury bonds 敞口頭寸 open position 炒股 to speculate in the stock market 承購包銷 underwrite（securities） 成套機(jī)電產(chǎn)品 complete sets of equipment;complete plant（s） 城市信用社 urban credit cooperatives（UCCs） 城市合作銀行 urban cooperative banks;municipal united banks 城市商業(yè)銀行 municipal commercial banks 城鄉(xiāng)居民收入增長超過物價漲幅 real growth in household income 持續(xù)升溫 persistent overheating 重復(fù)布點(diǎn) duplicate projects 重置成本 replacement cost 重組計劃 restructuring plan 籌資渠道 funding sources;financing channels 初見成效 initial success 出口統(tǒng)一管理、歸口經(jīng)營 canalization of exports 出口退稅 export tax rebate 儲蓄存款 household deposits（不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。） 儲蓄分流 diversion of household deposits 儲源萎縮 decline in the availability of household savings 傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制 transmission mechanism 從價稅 ad valorem tax 從緊控制 tight control 存貸款比例 loan/deposit ratio 存款保險體系 deposit insurance system 存款貨幣銀行 deposit money banks 存款準(zhǔn)備金 required reserves D 打白條 issue IOU 大額存單 certificate of deposit（CD） 大額提現(xiàn) withdraw deposits in large amounts 大面積滑坡 wide-spread decline 大一統(tǒng)的銀行體制 （all-in-one）mono-bank system 呆賬（請見“壞賬”） bad loans 呆賬準(zhǔn)備金 loan loss reserves（provisions） 呆滯貸款 idle loans 貸款沉淀 non-performing loans 貸款分類 loan classification 貸款限額管理 credit control;to impose credit ceiling 貸款約束機(jī)制 credit disciplinary（constraint）mechanism 代理國庫 to act as fiscal agent 代理金融機(jī)構(gòu)貸款 make loans on behalf of other institutions 戴帽貸款 ear-marked loans 倒逼機(jī)制 reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition 道德風(fēng)險 moral hazard 地區(qū)差別 regional disparity 第一產(chǎn)業(yè) the primary industry 第二產(chǎn)業(yè) the secondary industry 第三產(chǎn)業(yè) the service industry;the tertiary industry 遞延資產(chǎn) deferrable assets 訂貨不足 insufficient orders 定期存款 time deposits 定向募集 raising funds from targeted sources 東道國（請見“母國”） host country 獨(dú)立核算 independent accounting 短期國債 treasury bills 對沖操作 sterilization operation;hedging 對非金融部門債權(quán) claims on non-financial sector 多種所有制形式 diversified ownership E 惡性通貨膨脹 hyperinflation 二級市場 secondary market F 發(fā)行貨幣 to issue currency 發(fā)行總股本 total stock issue 法定準(zhǔn)備金 required reserves;reserve requirement 法人股 institutional shares 法人股東 institutional shareholders 法治 rule of law 房地產(chǎn)投資 real estate investment 放松銀根 to ease monetary policy 非現(xiàn)場稽核 off-site surveillance（or monitoring） 非銀行金融機(jī)構(gòu) non-bank financial institutions 非贏利性機(jī)構(gòu) non-profit organizations 分稅制 assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system 分業(yè)經(jīng)營 segregation of financial business（services）;division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions 風(fēng)險暴露（風(fēng)險敞口） risk exposure 風(fēng)險管理 risk management 風(fēng)險意識 risk awareness 風(fēng)險資本比例 risk-weighted capital ratios 風(fēng)險資本標(biāo)準(zhǔn) risk-based capital standard 服務(wù)事業(yè)收入 public service charges;user’s charges 扶貧 poverty alleviation 負(fù)增長 negative growth 復(fù)式預(yù)算制 double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary account G 改革試點(diǎn) reform experimentation 杠桿率 leverage ratio 杠桿收購 leveraged buyout 高息集資 to raise funds by offering high interest 個人股 non-institutional shares 根本扭轉(zhuǎn) fundamental turnaround（or reversal） 公開市場操作 open market operations 公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts 公用事業(yè) public utilities 公有經(jīng)濟(jì) the state-owned sector;the public sector 公有制 public ownership 工業(yè)成本利潤率 profit-to-cost ratio 工業(yè)增加值 industrial value added 供大于求 supply exceeding demand;excessive supply 鼓勵措施 incentives 股份合作企業(yè) joint-equity cooperative enterprises 股份制企業(yè) joint-equity enterprises 股份制銀行 joint-equity banks 固定資產(chǎn)貸款 fixed asset loans 關(guān)稅減免 tariff reduction and exemption 關(guān)稅減讓 tariff concessions 關(guān)稅優(yōu)惠 tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment 規(guī)范行為 to regularize（or standardize）…behavior 規(guī)模效益 economies of scale 國計民生 national interest and people’s livelihood 國家對個人其他支出 other government outlays to individuals 國家風(fēng)險 country risk 國際分工 international division of labor 國際收支 balance of payments 國有獨(dú)資商業(yè)銀行 wholly state-owned commercial banks 國有經(jīng)濟(jì)（部門） the state-owned（or public）sector 國有企業(yè) state-owned enterprises（SOEs） 國有制 state-ownership 國有資產(chǎn)流失 erosion of state assets 國債回購 government securities repurchase 國債一級自營商 primary underwriters of government securities 過度競爭 excessive competition 過度膨脹 excessive expansion 過熱跡象 signs of overheating H 合理預(yù)期 rational expectation 核心資本 core capital 合資企業(yè) joint-venture enterprises 紅利 dividend 宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)營良好 sound macroeconomic performance 宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)基本狀況 macroeconomic fundamentals 宏觀調(diào)控 macroeconomic management（or adjustment） 宏觀調(diào)控目標(biāo) macroeconomic objectives（or targets） 壞賬 bad debt 還本付息 debt service 換匯成本 unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings 匯兌在途 funds in float 匯兌支出 advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary’s bank 匯率并軌 unification of exchange rates 活期存款 demand deposits 匯率失調(diào) exchange rate misalignment 混合所有制 diversified（mixed）ownership 貨幣政策態(tài)勢 monetary policy stance 貨款拖欠 overdue obligations to suppliers J 基本建設(shè)投資 investment in infrastructure 基本經(jīng)濟(jì)要素 economic fundamentals 基本適度 broadly appropriate 基準(zhǔn)利率 benchmark interest rate 機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體存款 deposits of non-profit institutions 機(jī)會成本 opportunity cost 激勵機(jī)制 incentive mechanism 積壓嚴(yán)重 heavy stockpile;excessive inventory 擠提存款 run on banks 擠占挪用 unwarranted diversion of（financial）resources（from designated uses） 技改投資 investment in technological upgrading 技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)品 technology-intensive product 計劃單列市 municipalities with independent planning status 計劃經(jīng)濟(jì) planned economy 集體經(jīng)濟(jì) the collective sector 加大結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整力度 to intensify structural adjustment 加工貿(mào)易 processing trade 加快態(tài)勢 accelerating trend 加強(qiáng)稅收征管稽查 to enhance tax administration 加權(quán)價 weighted average price 價格放開 price liberalization 價格形成機(jī)制 pricing mechanism 減虧 to reduce losses 簡化手續(xù) to cut red tape;to simplify（streamline）procedures 交投活躍 brisk trading 繳存準(zhǔn)備金 to deposit required reserves 結(jié)構(gòu)扭曲 structural distortion 結(jié)構(gòu)失調(diào) structural imbalance 結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾突出 acute structural imbalance 結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化 structural improvement（optimization） 結(jié)匯、售匯 sale and purchase of foreign exchange 金融脆弱 financial fragility 金融動蕩 financial turbulence 金融風(fēng)波 financial disturbance 金融恐慌 financial panic 金融危機(jī) financial crisis 金融壓抑 financial repression 金融衍生物 financial derivatives 金融詐騙 financial fraud 緊縮銀根 to tighten monetary policy 緊縮政策 austerity policies;tight financial policies 經(jīng)常賬戶可兌換 current account convertibility 經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū) special economic zones（SEZs） 經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革 economic reform 經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式的轉(zhuǎn)變 change in the main source of economic growth（from investment expansion to efficiency gains） 經(jīng)濟(jì)增長減速 economic slowdown;moderation in economic growth 經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁 economic sanction 經(jīng)營自主權(quán) autonomy in management 景氣回升 recovery in business activity 境外投資 overseas investment 競爭加劇 intensifying competition 局部性金融風(fēng)波 localized（isolated）financial disturbance K 開辦人民幣業(yè)務(wù) to engage in RMB business 可維持（可持續(xù)）經(jīng)濟(jì)增長 sustainable economic growth 可變成本 variable cost 可自由兌換貨幣 freely convertible currency 控制現(xiàn)金投放 control currency issuance 扣除物價因素 in real terms;on inflation-adjusted basis 庫存產(chǎn)品 inventory 跨國銀行業(yè)務(wù) cross-border banking 跨年度采購 cross-year procurement 會計準(zhǔn)則 accounting standard L 來料加工 processing of imported materials for export 離岸銀行業(yè)務(wù) off-shore banking（business） 理順外貿(mào)體制 to rationalize foreign trade regime 利率杠桿的調(diào)節(jié)作用 the role of interest rates in resource allocation 利潤驅(qū)動 profit-driven 利息回收率 interest collection ratio 聯(lián)行清算 inter-bank settlement 連鎖企業(yè) franchise（businesses）;chain businesses 良性循環(huán) virtuous cycle 兩極分化 growing income disparity;polarization in income distribution 零售物價指數(shù) retail price index（RPI） 流動性比例 liquidity ratio 流動資產(chǎn)周轉(zhuǎn)率/流通速度 velocity of liqui...
經(jīng)濟(jì)金融術(shù)語漢英對照表