2002MBA英語備考--商務(wù)英語重點詞匯補充(doc)
2002MBA備考----商務(wù)英語重點詞匯補充 mailto:geofferylee@sina.com Business and businesses 商業(yè)和公司 A business , company, or firm is an organization that sells goods or services. A business may also be referred to formally as a concern. Business is the production, buying, and selling of goods and services. A business may be referred to approvingly as an enterprise to emphasize its adventurous, risk-taking qualities, and business in general may be referred to in the same way, for example in combinations such as free enterprise and private enterprise. Business is also referred to as commerce. This word, and its related adjective commercial, are often used to distinguish the business sphere from other areas such as government or the arts, or to distinguish it from nonmoney-making activities. 注釋： |Business |Concern 康采恩（壟斷企 |Enterprise 企事業(yè) | |商業(yè)；生意；公司 |業(yè)形式之一） |單位 | | | | | |Company 公司；商號 |Commerce 商業(yè)； 商務(wù) |Free Enterprise | | | |自由企業(yè) | |Firm |Commercial | | |(合伙的)商號；商行 |商業(yè)的；商務(wù)的；商用的 |Private Enterprise| | | |私人企業(yè) | From multinationals to small firms 從跨國公司到小型企業(yè) Large companies are referred to as corporations, especially in the United States. Corporate is used to describe things relating to a corporation, or to corporations in general, in expressions like the ones in the next exercise. Large companies operating in many countries are multinationals. Big business can refer to large business organizations or to any business activity that makes a lot of money. Small companies are referred to as small businesses or small firms. Unlike some languages, English does not have an everyday term for small and medium-sized companies, apart from this rather clumsy expression. 注釋： |Corporation 大公司； |Big business |Small business 小 | |股份有限公司 |大型企業(yè)；大公司 |公司 | | | | | |Corporate 法人；團體 |Small and medium sized |Small firm 小公司 | | |companies | | |Multinational 跨國的 | | | |；多國的 |中小規(guī)模的公司 | | Industries and sectors 工業(yè)及其部門 Businesses may be classified according to which industry they are in: for example construction, oil, banking, food. Sector is sometimes used to mean industry in the same way, particularly by specialists such as financial journalists, but it is more often used to talk about different parts of the economy in combinations such as public sector and private sector, or about types of business in expressions like service sector and manufacturing sector. 注釋： |Industry 工業(yè)；產(chǎn)業(yè) |Public sector |manufacturing sector 制 | | |公共部門 |造部門 | |Sector 部門；部分 | | | | |Private sector 私 |Service sector 服務(wù)部門 | | |營部門 | | Public sector and private 公共部門和私營部門 When a private company is bought by the state and brought into the public sector, it is nationalized in a process of nationalization. A nationalized company is state-owned. When the state returns a company to the private sector in a sell-off, it is privatized. This is privatization. The first to be sold off in a privatization program are often the companies responsible for the public supply of electricity, water and gas: the utilities. 注釋： |Nationalized 國有化 |Privatization |Sell-off 廉價出售；拋售 | |的 |私有化 | | | | |Utilities | |Nationalization |State-owned 國有的|公用事業(yè)；公用事業(yè)部門 | |國有化 | | | | |Sell off 廉價出清 | | |Privatized 私有化的 | | | Stakes 份額；股份 If Company A owns shares or equity in Company B, A has or holds a stake, holding or shareholding in B. If A owns less than half the shares in B, it has a minority stake in B. If A owns more than half the shares in B, it has a majority stake or controlling stake in B. If you have shares in a company you are a shareholder. 注釋： |Shares/stake 份額； |Shareholding 持有 |Majority stake | |股份 |股票數(shù) |大股東（50%以上） | | | | | |Equity 股份；產(chǎn)權(quán)； |Shareholder 股東 |Controlling stake 大股東| |普通股票 | | | | |Hold a stake 持有 |Minority stake 小股東 | |Holding 持有；股票額|份額 | | Parents and sisters 母公司和姐妹公司 A holding or holding company is one that holds stakes in one or more subsidiaries. If it owns all the shares in a subsidiary, the subsidiary is a wholly-owned one. A holding company's relationship to its subsidiaries is that of parent company, and the subsidiaries relationship to each other is that of sister companies. A holding and its subsidiaries form a group. A conglomerate is a group containing a lot of different companies in different businesses. Journalists also refer to large groups as giants. 注釋： |Holding company |Parent company |Conglomerate 聯(lián)合大企業(yè)| |控股公司 |母公司 | | | | |Giant 大企業(yè)；企業(yè)巨人 | |Subsidiary 子公司 |Sister company |（新聞用語） | | |姐妹公司 | | |Wholly-owned | | | |subsidiary 全資子公司 |Group 集團公司 | | Predators, raiders, and white knights 掠奪者、搶劫者和善意合作者 The takeover process is often described in terms of one animal hunting another: a company or individual seeking to take over another company may be referred to as a predator, and the target company as the prey. Predators are also referred to as raiders or corporate raiders. A company wishing to resist, ward off, or fend off being taken over has a number of options. It may devise plans that give existing shareholders special rights, or it may make itself less attractive to bidders by selling off a valuable part of the company, or holding on to an unattractive one. Actions like these are poison pills. Or it may persuade a friendly partner, a white knight, to take a stake in the company, thus preventing a complete takeover by a hostile bidder. Bidders may agree to withdraw their bid if paid enough money for the shares they hold in the target company. This is green mail. 注釋： |Predator |Poison bill |Greenmail | |掠奪者(惡意吞并其它企 |毒藥(公司通過給予股東某些|綠函交易 | |業(yè)) |特權(quán)、或賣掉部分有價值資 |指兼并企業(yè)以增| |Prey |產(chǎn)，而持有或購進價值不大 |加股票價值為條| |獵物(被惡意并購的企業(yè))|的資產(chǎn)，從而減少自己對并 |件撤回自己向標(biāo)| |Raider |購公司的吸引力) |的企業(yè)投標(biāo)的交| |掠奪者(惡意并購其它企 | |易。 | |業(yè)) |White Knight | | |Corporate raider 合伙 |指購買公司部分股份以免遭 | | |掠奪者 |兼并企業(yè)完全兼并的善意和 | | |Fend off a bid 阻止收 |或者。 | | |購 | | | |Ward off a bid 阻止收 | | | |購 | | | Leveraged buy-outs and junk bonds 杠桿收購和垃圾債券 In a leveraged buyout, or LBO, a company is acquired by a group of investors, often financed by heavy borrowing. The debt is then paid out of the target company's operating revenues or by selling its assets. The borrowing involved in LBOs is often high- risk debt called junk bonds. LBOs financed by junk were frequent in the 1980s and after an absence following the excesses of that period, they are now occurring again. 注釋： |Leveraged buy-out |LBO = Leveraged |Junk bonds 高風(fēng)險債券 | |杠杠收購 |buy-out | | Joint ventures and alliances 合資與聯(lián)盟 Two or more companies may decide to work together by setting up a joint venture or alliance in which each holds a stake. 注釋： |Joint venture 合資企業(yè)|Alliance 企業(yè)聯(lián) | | | |盟 | | Mergers 兼并 When two companies combine, usually voluntarily, they merge in a merger. 注釋： |Mergers 兼并 |Merger 兼并 | Restructuring 企業(yè)重組(1) A group containing many types of business is diversified. A group's basic business activity, perhaps the one it originally started with, is its core business. Separate business activities may be viewed as profit centers, each responsible for generating profit. Businesses are often encouraged to concentrate or focus on their core activities and to sell off, spin off, or dispose of non-essential assets. These assets are often referred to as non-core assets. A sale of assets in this way is referred to as a sell-off, spin-off, or disposal. A spin-off can also refer to a business that has been spun off. 注釋： |Diversified 多樣化； |Assets 資產(chǎn)；基 |Spin off 剝離；拆分 | |多角化 |金 ...
2002MBA英語備考--商務(wù)英語重點詞匯補充(doc)